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8.4 Career Services

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8.4.1 Overview

Effective Date: January 15, 2022

The guidance contained in this chapter pertains to career services being provided with WIOA Title I funds. Career services are one of the three types of services offered by the Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program. The purpose of career services is to support and empower customers in making informed decisions based on economic demand and in achieving their employment and education goals.1

Career services must be provided through the one-stop delivery system.2 As outlined in sections 2.6 and 2.7, Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) for each one-stop delivery system identify which one-stop partner(s) provide the various career services.3 Career services may be provided by any partner program.4 A local Workforce Development Board (WDB) may directly provide career services only with the written agreement of the local chief elected official and the governor.5

There are two categories of career services outlined in this section: basic career services and individualized career services.6 Basic services are those made available to each individual who accesses a one-stop center, while individualized career services are those that are tailored to each participant to meet his or her needs.7

There is no requirement to provide basic career services before providing individualized career services, except as described in section 8.3.1.8 Some individuals may only need basic career services while others may require individualized career services to obtain or retain employment.9


8.4.2 Basic Career Services

Effective Date: January 15, 2022

Generally, basic career services involve less staff time and involvement than individualized career services.1 All comprehensive job centers must provide basic career services to anyone seeking assistance.2 Some or all of the basic career services may also be available at affiliate job centers.3 See Section 2.2.3 for the definitions of comprehensive and affiliate job centers.

Some basic career services are participation-causing services while others are not. (See Participation-Causing Services Guidance)4

At a minimum, the following list of basic career services must be provided in each comprehensive job center as identified in the MOU.5 The table below outlines the services listed in the WIOA regulations, the corresponding ASSET service(s), and whether the service is participation-causing or not.

Basic Career Services in WIOA Regulations6 Basic Career Services in ASSET Participation-Causing Service?
Eligibility Determination Eligibility Determination No
Outreach, Intake, and Orientation Intake and Orientation No
Initial Assessment Initial Assessment of Interests, Skill Level & Supportive Service Needs Yes
Labor Exchange Services Job Search Assistance (this includes the following subcategories):
  • Information about a specific job vacancy appropriate for the participant
  • Development of a job search plan
  • Job search workshop
  • Job finding club
  • Other job search assistance
Yes
Résumé Development Yes
Job Referral/Placement Assistance Yes
Referrals Referral (this includes the following subcategories):
  • Referral to Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) Services
  • Referral to Disabled Veteran Outreach Program (DVOP) Specialist
  • Referral to Federal Training (WIOA Title I, TAA, Adult Education, Vocational Rehab, Job Corps)
  • Referral to other WIOA programs (services other than training)
  • Referral to local bonding coordinator for Federal Bonding Program
  • Referral for a supportive service to community programs/services
  • Referral for a supportive service to a State or Federal public assistance program
  • Other Referral
No
Information About and Referrals to Supportive Services
Labor Market Information Labor Market Information (this includes the following subcategories):
  • Info on in-demand occupations/sectors
  • Info on non-traditional occupations
  • Other LMI
No
Job Requirements Information No
Performance and Cost Information for Programs on the Eligible Training Provider List Information about Eligible Training Programs (ETPs) No
Local WIOA Performance Information Information on Local Area Performance No
Unemployment Insurance Information and Assistance Unemployment Insurance (UI) Claim Assistance Yes
Financial Aid Assistance for Training and Education Financial Aid Information No
Financial Aid Application Assistance Yes

This list of basic career services is not exhaustive; a local Workforce Development Board (WDB) may provide additional basic career services.7 If a local WDB intends to provide a service beyond those on this list, those services must have been approved by the Board and be included in their local policy. In those cases, DWD-DET recommends that the local WDB consult with their Local Program Liaison for assistance in determining how the additional service should be recorded in ASSET.

Eligibility Determination

DWD-DET defines eligibility determination as applying the information collected during program registration to the eligibility criteria to see if the individual is eligible for the program.8 This service must be used to determine if an individual is eligible for the Adult Program and/or the Dislocated Worker Program based on the eligibility criteria for those programs. Anyone interested in being considered for the Title I programs must be allowed to apply9 and must receive an eligibility determination.10 As outlined in the Order of Services policy, DWD-DET requires this service to be completed prior to the start of any participation-causing service.

The corresponding ASSET service is called Eligibility Determination.

Outreach, Intake, and Orientation

Outreach, intake, and orientation involves providing introductory information about the job center and the programs and services provided through the one-stop system.11 This service may be provided individually or in a group setting.12

The corresponding ASSET service is called Intake and Orientation.13

Initial Assessment

The initial assessment service is provided to help the career planner gain an understanding of an eligible individual's skill levels, including literacy, numeracy, and English language proficiency, as well as aptitudes, abilities (including skills gaps), and supportive service needs.14 It is a high-level skills and needs review.

DWD-DET requires the Basic Skills Screening Tool (BSST) to be administered as part of the initial assessment to help determine if an individual is basic skills deficient. The tool alone, however, is not sufficient to constitute a complete initial assessment. Information gleaned should also include the participant's educational history, job skills and interests, and work history.

Career planners should conduct the initial assessment in a collaborative manner with the participant, and may collect information using a variety of informal and formal sources and methods available to them. These may include, for example: conversations with the participant, the Basic Skills Screening Tool, education level completed, grade point average, and so on. No particular tests or tools are required by DWD-DET for this service, other than the BSST.

By comparison, the Comprehensive Assessment, an Individualized Career Service discussed later in this chapter, typically includes more in-depth, standardized testing tools.

A career planner may use the results of a recent assessment that the participant completed for another program.15 If that other assessment provides sufficient information for the initial assessment service, as described above, the career planner may use that assessment to complete the initial assessment service. If it does not, the career planner must ensure that the missing components are completed. (For example, if the Basic Skills Screening Tool has not been completed, or one of the components listed above, such as skills gaps, remains unclear.)

Note: In this context, DWD-DET defines "recent" as having been completed within the previous six months.16 While local WDBs may develop their own policies for the use of recent assessments,17 any such policies may not allow the use of assessments that were completed more than six months before the initial assessment service.

As outlined in 8.3.1 Order of Services, DWD-DET requires career planners to provide an initial assessment service and a comprehensive assessment service to participants prior to developing a new individual employment plan (IEP) (or updating an existing IEP for a participant coming from another program, such as the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program).

DWD-DET allows information used for the initial assessment to be collected prior to the eligibility determination, so long as the process of collecting the information does not involve direct costs to the Adult Program and/or Dislocated Worker Program (e.g., the information is collected using an application form that participant completes).

The corresponding ASSET service is called Initial Assessment of Interests, Skill Level & Supportive Service Needs.

Labor Exchange Services

Labor exchange services18 include job search and placement assistance and, when needed by an individual, career counseling that includes the provision of information relating to:

  • in-demand industry sectors and occupations;
  • nontraditional employment opportunities19; and
  • career profiles and interest inventories.20

The corresponding ASSET services are called: Job Search Assistance, Job Referral/Placement Assistance, and Résumé Development.21

Job Search Assistance is used to record providing a participant assistance with planning and carrying out a successful job-hunting strategy. This service includes the following subcategories, one of which must be selected in ASSET:

  • Information about a specific job vacancy appropriate for the participant;22
  • Development of a job search plan;23
  • Job search workshop;24
  • Job finding club;25 and
  • Other job search assistance.

Job Referral/Placement Assistance is used to record bringing to an employer's attention one or a group of participants who are available for a posted job.

Résumé Development26 is used to record assisting a participant in creating or improving a résumé or cover letter.

Note: DWD-DET considers the career counseling component of labor exchange services to overlap with the Group Employment Counseling and Individual Employment Counseling individualized career services. As such, DWD-DET does not include a separate basic career service for career counseling in ASSET.

Referrals27

Referral services involve helping connect an individual to, and coordinating activities with, other programs and services, including programs and services within the one-stop delivery system and, when appropriate, other workforce development programs.28 This also involves providing information about and making referrals to appropriate supportive services.29 Information provided to individuals should be in usable and understandable formats and languages.30 When appropriate, career planners are expected to share information about, and make referrals to, the following: child care; child support; medical or child health assistance available through the state's Medicaid program and Children's Health Insurance Program; benefits under FoodShare; assistance through the earned income tax credit; housing counseling and assistance services sponsored through U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; and W-2 assistance and other supportive services and transportation provided through that program.31 Career planners are encouraged to share information about, and make referrals to, other supportive services that would benefit the individuals they are serving.32

The corresponding ASSET service is called Referral and has the following subcategories, one of which must be selected in ASSET:

  • Referral to Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) Services;33
  • Referral to Disabled Veteran Outreach Program (DVOP) Specialist;34
  • Referral to Federal Training (WIOA Title I, TAA, Adult Education, Vocational Rehab, Job Corps);35
  • Referral to other WIOA program (services other than training);36
  • Referral to local bonding coordinator for Federal Bonding Program;37
  • Referral for a supportive service to community programs/services;38
  • Referral for a supportive service to a State or Federal public assistance program;39 and
  • Other Referral.

Labor Market Information

Labor market information services include the provision of information on national, state, regional and/or local labor market conditions and employment statistics,40 from data sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics, WisConomy, O*NET, etc. This includes the provision of the following information:

  • job vacancy listings in labor market areas;
  • information on job skills necessary to obtain the vacant jobs listed; and
  • information relating to local occupations in demand and the earnings, skill requirements, and opportunities for advancement for those jobs.41

The corresponding ASSET services are called Labor Market Information and Job Requirements Information.

Labor Market Information is used to record providing a participant information related to the following subcategories, one of which must be selected in ASSET:

  • Info on in-demand occupations/sectors;
  • Info on non-traditional occupations; and
  • Other LMI.

Job Requirements Information42 is used to record reviewing the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for a specific job or type of job.

Performance and Cost Information for Programs on the Eligible Training Programs List43

Provision of performance and cost information for programs on the Eligible Training Programs List (ETPL) involves sharing Wisconsin's ETPL website with the participant and, when needed, informing them how to search for programs and locate performance and cost information for programs of interest.44 The ETPL is maintained by DWD-DET and is used by Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program participants to research and select Individual Training Account (ITA)-eligible occupational classroom training.

The corresponding ASSET service is called Information about Eligible Training Programs (ETPs).

Local WIOA Performance Information

The local WIOA performance information service involves providing information, in usable and understandable formats and languages, about how the local area is performing on local performance accountability measures, as well as any additional performance information relating to the area's one-stop delivery system.45

The corresponding ASSET service is called Information on Local Area Performance.

Unemployment Insurance Information and Assistance

The unemployment insurance (UI) information and assistance service involves providing information and meaningful assistance to individuals seeking help with filing a claim for unemployment compensation.46 "Meaningful assistance" means the following:

  • staff providing the assistance are well-trained on the claims filing process and a claimant's rights and responsibilities;47
  • only merit staff (WI State employees) provide advice, or make decisions, that could affect a claimant's UI eligibility;48 and
  • the assistance must be provided within a reasonable time and may occur in-person, by phone, or via other technology.49

If an individual in a one-stop center is referred to UI claims assistance via telephone, the phone number given must be to a line dedicated to serving one-stop customers in a timely manner; it cannot simply be for a general information/dial-in line with the state UI agency contact center where the individual is placed into a phone queue along with other claimants in the state.50 If the assistance is provided remotely using technology, it must be technology that enables trained staff to provide the assistance. Examples of technology that enables remote assistance include live web chat application, video conference applications, or other similar technology.51

Note: Career planners can and should collaborate with their one-stop partners where needed, including when this service is being provided. For example, Title III Job Service personnel have access to the dedicated UI phone line. Career planners can connect participants to those staff to ensure access to this required phone line.

The costs associated with providing this assistance may be paid for by the state's Unemployment Insurance program, the Wagner-Peyser Program (WIOA Title III), or the WIOA Adult Program or Dislocated Worker Program, or some combination thereof.52

DWD-DET requires all Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program career planners to take the DET-UI Partner Certification Training: WIOA/WDB/Job Center. The training, prepared by DWD's Unemployment Insurance Division, can be accessed by state staff in Cornerstone. External, non-state staff access the training through the DWD Learning Center (instructions for external staff wishing to access the training can be found in the adjoining Resource Box). This requirement helps ensure that career planners are equipped to provide meaningful UI-related assistance when individuals need it; however, they must not provide advice that could affect a claimant's UI eligibility.53

The corresponding ASSET service is called Unemployment Insurance (UI) Claim Assistance.

Financial Aid Assistance for Training and Education

The financial aid assistance service involves providing information and/or resources about, or providing application assistance for, financial aid from non-WIOA sources to support the cost of training and education programs.54

The two corresponding ASSET services are called Financial Aid Information and Financial Aid Application Assistance. The former, which is not a participation-causing service, entails simply providing information regarding financial aid opportunities and the latter, a participation-causing service, actual assistance in applying for such aid.


8.4.3 Individualized Career Services (Comprehensive and Specialized Assessment and Individual Employment Plan only)

Effective Date: 9/1/2024

Comprehensive and Specialized Assessment

After the initial assessment, a comprehensive and specialized assessment is provided to assess additional skill levels and determine the service needs of Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program participants.1

DWD-DET Order of Services requires career planners to complete the comprehensive and specialized assessment after eligibility is determined and an initial assessment has been completed. Comprehensive and specialized assessment information may be collected before eligibility determination, so long as it is without a direct cost to the Adult or Dislocated Worker Program. This information includes collecting results from recent formalized assessment instruments or diagnostic testing.

DWD-DET defines comprehensive and specialized assessments as a collaborative review by a participant and their career planner to help identify the participant's employment goals and barriers, including supportive service needs. Assessments may include information collected via:

  • in-depth interviewing to identify employment barriers and appropriate employment goals, which, when achieved, will lead to economic self-sufficiency;2
  • a formalized assessment instrument;
  • diagnostic testing, including evaluations conducted by licensed professionals (e.g., for learning disabilities or other work-related disabilities)
    and/or
  • basic skills assessments which capture additional basic skill levels.
    • These must be used when a participant is identified as deficient in basic skills through the Basic Skill Screening Tool.

DWD-DET requires local areas to use comprehensive and specialized assessments that are valid, reliable, and appropriate for the individual being assessed, and when necessary, to provide reasonable accommodation in testing to individuals with disabilities.3

DWD-DET requires staff administering standardized assessments to meet all training, education, and other minimum requirements established by the test publisher before administering the assessments. An explanation must be provided to the participant of each assessment's purpose and expectations during the assessment process.4 At a minimum, this explanation must include the following information:

  • why the test is being administered;
  • confidentiality of test results;
    AND
  • how the test results will be used in the assessment process.5

DWD-DET requires career planners to document assessment results in ASSET Assessments and applicable services in ASSET Services. Planned and Actual services must be added based on the individual's identified needs.

Career planners may review the results of a recent assessment administered by another (non WIOA Title I) program as part of the comprehensive and specialized assessment. In this context, DWD-DET defines "recent" as completed within the previous six months.6 Local WDBs may establish policies for using recent assessments.7 However, assessments older than six months are not allowed.

Note: DWD-DET allows use of personality inventories if the WDB has an established policy based on the guidance in Testing and Assessment: A Guide to Good Practices for Workforce Investment Professionals for additional guidance.

Note: DWD-DET prohibits the use of clinical instruments. Such instruments are not appropriate for career counseling or development because they have been devised to detect psychopathology, not to assess job-relevant characteristics.8

Note: DWD-DET prohibits the use of any assessment tool, which can identify a mental disorder or impairment, which is considered a medical exam under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).9

Note: See the WIOA Title I Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program Assessment Resources document for more details and examples.

Individual Employment Plan

An individual employment plan (IEP) identifies a participant's employment goals, establishes appropriate achievement objectives, and identifies an appropriate combination of services to help the participant achieve their employment goals, including providing information on eligible training providers and career pathways.10 Career planners must develop and update IEPs jointly with the participant when determined appropriate by the one-stop center, one-stop partner,11 or Adult Program or Dislocated Worker Program staff.12 DWD-DET defines developed and updated jointly as both the participant and the career planner signing or otherwise acknowledging13 the agreed upon IEP.

DWD-DET requires Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program career planners to work with their participants to complete an IEP after the initial assessment and the comprehensive assessment and before they receive any other Title I funded participation-causing service, as outlined in 8.3.1 Order of Services.

DWD-DET requires career planners to develop the IEP using the Employment Plan located in Comprehensive Employment Planning Toolkit (CEPT). The IEP must capture appropriate long and short-term employment/career goals, achievement objectives, interim objectives, and planned outcomes.14

DWD-DET requires IEPs be guided by the results of the initial and comprehensive and specialized assessments.15 They must include how the participant will address the following items identified during the assessment process:

  • Employment barriers;
  • Skills needed for the participant to accomplish their goals;
  • Educational needs, including any applicable training plan and Individual Training Account (ITA) which align with the training eligibility criteria and purpose and type of training service;
  • Job readiness steps;
    and
  • Services needed (including supportive services both WIOA and non-WIOA funded ) to ensure successful completion of the program. Services identified on the IEP must be those recorded in ASSET.

IEP Review

The IEP is an ongoing activity to help participants reach their employment goals.16 The review of an IEP aims to identify changes to a participant's service needs and/or goals, including but not limited to the following :

  • newly planned or provided services;
  • newly planned or completed activities;
  • newly planned or attained benchmarks;
    and/or
  • accomplishments.

DWD-DET requires career planners to conduct an IEP review with each participant at least once every 180 days. Local WDBs may create their own IEP review policy requirements with a shorter duration.

See the Individual Employment Plan Resources for Sample questions to consider for the IEP review.

DWD-DET requires career planners to complete an IEP review before exit, unless the participant is non-responsive, to determine if the participant needs additional services and the employment aligns with the participant's occupational goals and current career and training services progress.

IEP review documentation requirements

Career planners must document the results of the IEP review in an ASSET IEP Review Service and Case Notes, regardless of the service outcome. CEPT IEP documentation requirements are located in the CEPT Employment Plan Policy.17

A Note on Co-Enrollment

For participants co-enrolled in multiple programs, the IEP review is an opportunity to review any changes made by partner staff and determine how services can best be integrated or coordinated. For co-enrolled participants, DWD-DET recommends working with partner staff to provide joint case management, including joint IEP development and review. This collaboration will enhance service integration and reduce the administrative burden placed on the participant by acknowledging multiple IEPs.


  • 1 WIOA Sec. 134(c)(2)(A)(xii)(I); TEGL 16-16, p.15
  • 2 WIOA Sec. 134(c)(2)(A)(xii)(I)(bb); 20 CFR § 678.430(b)(1)(ii);
  • 3 TEN 21-07, p.14 Accommodation in the assessment process may involve ensuring physical accessibility to the test site, modifying test equipment or tests, or providing qualified assistance. Giving extra time on certain kinds of tests to test takers with dyslexia or other learning disabilities and administering a larger print version of a test to a person who is visually impaired are examples of reasonable accommodation. See reference for complete details.
  • 4 TEN 21-07, p.62
  • 5 TEN 21-07, attachment, p.82
  • 6 81 FR 56120. This section of the Federal Register says, "The Department recommends that Governors and Local WDBs develop policies for the use of recent assessments that are appropriate for the individual and the one-stop center. The recent assessment must have sufficient information to determine eligibility for training services." While this section refers to assessments for training services eligibility purposes, DWD-DET has defined "recent" for all purposes. TEGL 21-16, p.8 for the youth program states local programs may use previous assessment results if conducted within six months. DWD-DET has adopted this for the Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program. 81 FR 56116 states DOL has decided that the use of prior interviews, evaluations, and assessments of participants for eligibility is to be determined by state and local policies.
  • 7 81 FR 56120
  • 8 TEN 21-07, attachment, p.45
  • 9 TEN 21-07, attachment, p.45
  • 10 WIOA Sec. 134(c)(2)(A)(xii)(II); 20 CFR § 678.430(b)(2); 20 CFR § 680.170
  • 11 20 CFR § 680.170
  • 12 81 FR 56113-4
  • 13 DWD-DET defines otherwise acknowledging as a participant statement submitted through electronic means (e.g., emails, screenshots of text messages, etc.)
  • 14 DWD-DET will require the use of CEPT once the CEPT Employment Plan Documentation becomes effective. Until then, any existing employment plan process is acceptable.
  • 15 In ASSET, the applicable services are "Initial Assessment of Interests, Skill Level & Supportive Service Needs" and "Comprehensive Individualized or Specialized Assessment." This DWD-DET requirement for Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program IEPs is consistent with WIOA's Youth Program requirement and the TAA Program requirement that individual service strategies and IEPs, respectively, be based on assessment results. This requirement also helps provide seamless transitions from Dislocated Worker to TAA services as required by TEGL 19-16, p. 35.
  • 16 20 CFR § 680.170
  • 17 DWD-DET will require the use of CEPT once the CEPT Employment Plan Documentation becomes effective. Until then, any existing employment plan process is acceptable.


Direct Costs

Effective date: July 26, 2019

Direct costs are those costs that can be identified specifically with a particular final cost objective, such as a federal award, or other internally or externally funded activity, or that can be directly assigned to such activities relatively easily with a high degree of accuracy. DWD-DET interprets this definition to include training services, support services, and certain individualized career services where funding is provided directly to, or on behalf of, the participant. This excludes basic career services and costs associated with staff time.

2 CFR § 200.413(a)



In-Demand Occupation

Effective date: April 29, 2019

An "in-demand occupation" is:

  1. an occupation in an industry sector that:
    • has substantial current or potential impact (including through jobs leading to economic self-sufficiency and opportunities for advancement) on the state, regional, or local economy, and
    • contributes to the growth or stability of other supporting businesses, or the growth of other industry sectors;

    OR
  2. an occupation that currently has or is projected to have a number of positions (including positions leading to economic self-sufficiency and opportunities for advancement) in an industry sector so as to have a significant impact on the state, regional, or local economy.

The Wisconsin Governor's Council on Workforce Investment or local WDB determines if an industry sector or occupation is in-demand, using state and regional business and labor market projections, including the use of labor market information.

WIOA Sec. 3(23)



Nontraditional Employment

Effective date: August 18, 2021

Nontraditional employment refers to employment in an occupation or field of work in which individuals of one's own gender comprise less than 25 percent of the individuals employed in that occupation or field.

WIOA Sec. 3(37)



FoodShare Wisconsin

Effective date: August 20, 2018

"FoodShare Wisconsin" helps people with limited money buy food they need for good health. FoodShare recipients are people of all ages who work but have low incomes, are living on small or fixed incomes, or have no incomes because they have lost their job, are retired, or are disabled and not able to work. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/foodshare/index.htm



Wisconsin Works

Effective date: August 20, 2018

"Wisconsin Works" (W-2) is a limited-time program that provides temporary cash assistance and case management services to low-income parents and pregnant women who engage in work activities. https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/w2/parents/w2



Assessment Instrument

Effective date: TBD

Assessment instruments for validity and reliability studies are available.

DWD-DET has adapted this definition for use in the Adult Program and Dislocated Worker Program based on the U.S. Department of Labor definition for using the same term in the Youth Program identified in TEGL 21-16, p.7.

Use only assessment instruments that are unbiased and fair to all groups. See TEN 21-07, attachment, Chapter 2, for understanding the professional and legal context of Assessment in Workforce Development.



Valid

Effective date: March 2, 2023

Validity refers to the characteristic the test measures and how well the test measures that characteristic. Validity evidence indicates a linkage between test performance and the construct it intends to measure. It can tell you what you may conclude or predict about someone from their test score. It indicates the usefulness of the test. Use only assessment procedures and instruments that have been demonstrated to be valid for the specific purpose for which they are being used.

TEN 21-07, attachment, p.33



Reliable

Effective date: TBD

Reliability refers to how dependably or consistently a test measures a characteristic. If a person retakes the test, will they get a similar test score or a much different score? A test that yields similar scores for a person who repeats the test is said to measure a characteristic reliably.

TEN 21-07, attachment, p.30



Appropriate

Effective date: TBD

In determining the appropriateness of a test for your target groups, consider factors such as occupation, reading level, cultural differences, and language barriers.

TEN 21-07, attachment, p.34

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